The Israelites were granted atonement for the idolatrous sin of the Golden Calf. Traditionally, Yom Kippur is considered the date on which Moses received the second set of the Ten Commandments. That confession is what makes Yom Kippur unique in Jewish celebrations. Repentance in Judaism is carried out through the process of Teshuva (regretting having committed the sin, resolving not to commit that sin in the future, and confessing that sin before God). It states, Yom Kippur atones for those who repent and does not atone for those who do not repent. The Talmud is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and it is the primary source of Jewish religious law and theology. The Jewish oral tradition ( Mishnah) details other prohibitions for that day.
Chapter 23 decrees that Yom Kippur is a strict day of rest. Yom Kippur was established in the Book of Leviticus (Lev 16:29), as the Sabbath of Sabbaths. Thus, synagogue attendance usually climbs on that day, in much the same way that Christian attendance at Christmas and Easter soars. Secular Jews who don’t tend to observe other holidays usually celebrate Yom Kippur. At the end of Yom Kippur, people hope that God has forgiven them. Yom Kippur is the culmination of that period where a Jew tries to amend their behaviour and seek forgiveness for wrongs done against God and other persons. Yom Kippur is the tenth day of the same month and it completes the High Holy Days in Judaism ( Yamim Noraim or Days of Awe).
The New Year celebration also included the forgiveness of sins. That was the first day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei. Recall my post earlier dealing with Rosh Hashanah (the New Year). It is often observed with a 25-hour period of fasting and intense prayer. Yom Kippur – the Day of Atonement – is the holiest day of the year in Judaism and it focuses on atonement and repentance. This year’s acknowledgment of Yom Kippur begins with sunset on 15 September and ends the next day, with nightfall.
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